Introduction
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Adding Limit-Switches to a COB CNC Kit 1 is a good project to extend the functionality of the machine. Avoiding the limits of travel on each axis can be done without Limit-Switches, although their addition has several practical benefits. It makes it easier to work with greater precision and repeatability. The switches take any guess work out of gauging the possible extent of travel in each axis and by doing so reduce any possible strain on the motors by hitting the End-Stops.
Limit-Switches can also be used as part of a Homing Cycle to calibrate position.
- The GRBL V1.1 is the first version that was released. There were some bugs present. So, the next update comes that is V1.1e, which fixes the preliminary bug of alarm handling. It was not present in the V1.1. Sometimes in this 1.1 version, after giving the predefined code, it goes into an infinite loop, so that also becomes fixed.
- GRBL 1.1 USB Port CNC Engraving Board 3 Axis This grbl board have new version v3.4,improve stepper motor driver to integrated drive system, when a short circuit occurs, the power can be cut off in time to avoid damage.
- Grbl 1.1 ‘$’ for help Jog the machine around carefully to see that all the feedback and machine position values update as expected. Next, it’s time to update the GRBL settings. Locate the file you saved earlier and open it in your favorite text editor.
The following is a guide for installation.
Ensure you have version 1.2 or higher of the COB CNC Firmware installed.
The section number 8. Notes, at the end of this guide provides further details about the choices made in this configuration.
Suggested list of parts in this example.
3D Printer Style Limit Switches x 5
2.9 x 13mm Pan Head Screws x 12
M3 x 6mm Diameter, 5mm Long Spacers x 12
A fabricated Push Rod
1. Gauge and fix the position of the Limit-Switches
Gauge the optimal position of the Limit-Switch by pushing the lever to activate the switch in relation to the side of the end-stop. The switch needs to be positioned so that it activates 3-4mm before assemblies come in contact with the End-Stops. Once in place, use a bradawl to make a pilot hole in the plywood to fit limit-switches with spacers and screws.
For convenience it is easier to fix screws and spacers without wires attached. In the case of the X Axis it is also easier to remove the End Stops from the machine and re-attach once the limit-switches are screwed in place.
2. Attaching X Axis Limit- Switches, Machine, Right and Left
When fitting, the switch on the right will face the front of the machine. Push the wires for the switch through the End-Stop location hole before screwing in the End-Stop so that the wires are directed outside of the machine frame.
When fitting, the switch on the left will face the rear of the machine. Push the wires for the switch through the End-Stop location hole before screwing in the End-Stop so that the wires are directed outside of the machine frame.
3. Attaching Y Axis Limit- Switches, Machine, Front and Rear
Nck 2.5.9.6 full. Gauge the optimal position of the Limit-Switch in a similar way to the X Axis. In the case of the Y Axis the position of the End-Stop provides a guide as to how much space to allow when activating the switch. Again the switch needs to be positioned so that it activates 3-4mm before assemblies come in contact with the End-Stops.
Ensure the switch levers are positioned at a sufficient height that they engage with the Y Axis Carriage when it reaches the end of its travel.
Switches, Front and Rear can be fitted in a similar manner.
4. Attaching a single Z Axis Limit- Switch to the X Axis Carriage.
A Push Rod component needs to be made to activate the Z Axis Limit switch. This can be made fabricated a number of ways, for example Milling a piece of Acrylic. In this example the component has been made from the corner of a plastic box. It’s main design requirements are that it needs to effectively fit on to the side of the Z Axis carriage, be of a sufficient height to reach the position of the Z Axis Limit-Switch, to be wide enough to engage with the switch leaver and be stiff enough not to bend.
Before fabricating the relative position and clearances needed should be considered. In this case it is recommended to allow for a 10mm clearance to activate the switch before the Z Axis Carriage comes in contact with the X Axis Carriage housing (space need to be allowed for the position of the Z Axis Bushes).
Once a Push Rod component has been fitted to the Z Axis Carriage, the position of the Z Axis Limit-Switch can be determined and fitted.
Grbl 1.1z
A switch for the bottom of the Z Axis is not required as this is the direction of the tool and work-piece to be machined.
5. Attaching Limit-Switch wires to the CNC Shield.
The location for connecting each switch is shown on the PCB . Connect the Black and Green wires in location, as shown in the following images and diagram (the Red wire is not connected, this would be for an LED).
6. Optimise wiring to complete fitting.
The wiring loom can be attached to the Frame of the machine with cable ties. With the addition of Limit-Switches it is recommended that the length of wires in the loom are cut and re-soldered together to prevent them getting in the way when the machine is in use.
7. Operation
Grbl 1.1 Download
Once fitted, the switches can be used as for more than one function. They can be used to position a Homing Cycle, in addition, to halting travel along an axis to prevent a collision. To activate the switches they must be enabled in the Grbl settings.
To do this, connect the Arduino to a program such as Universal G-code Sender (other programs such will use similar commands, UGS is used as an illustration).
Call up the setting:
Enter the command: $$
Enable the limit switches:
Enter $21=1
Enable the Homing Cycle:
Entre $22=1
(If the Homing Cycle is enabled Grbl will not operate until a Homing Cycle has been completed).
Set the Homing orientation:
Enter $23=3
(The orientation depends on preference, refer to Grbl v1.1 Configuration for options)
Perform a Homing Cycle:
Enter $H
Rest Grbl after a switch has been tripped (Alarm set):
Enter $X
If you are experiencing problems with the Z axis then reinstall the latest issue of COB CNC Grbl firmware. It is recommended that the EEPROM is cleared before reinstalling.
Useful links are:
8. Notes
When adding Limit-Switches to an Arduino Uno with Grbl 1.1 installed, together with a V3 CNC Shield a number of factors need to be taken into account. The details on Grbl’s GitHub repository explains this. The appropriate modification has been preconfigured in the COB CNC firmware.
For Grbl v0.8 and v0.9+ with variable spindle disabled, Z-limit moves to D11 and spindle enable to D12.
Variable Spindle, should be disabled within GRbl 1.1 for the Z-limit Sockets to become available on the V3 CNC shield. Chelsea football club font download.
This can be done by commenting out the following line from the ‘config.h’ file in the Grbl Arduino Library, clearing the EEPROM and reloading the updated installation.
#define VARIABLE_SPINDLE // Default enabled. Comment to disable.
Grbl 1.1 Board
It should also be noted that pins D9 D10 D11 within Grbl are held high with an internal pull-up resistor. With this configuration, Limit-Switches needs to pull the pins to ground when closed.